Carolyne Larrington and Peter Robinson (eds) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Sólarljóð 61’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 339-40.
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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2. sjá (verb): see
[1] sá ek: so papp15ˣ, 738ˣ, 167b 6ˣ, 214ˣ, 1441ˣ, 10575ˣ, 2797ˣ, ek sá 166bˣ
[1] sá ek ‘I saw’: 166bˣ here and in the following st. transposes sá and ek. Assuming that the poet intended the same formula throughout this sequence, the majority ms. reading has been adopted.
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[1] sá ek: so papp15ˣ, 738ˣ, 167b 6ˣ, 214ˣ, 1441ˣ, 10575ˣ, 2797ˣ, ek sá 166bˣ
[1] sá ek ‘I saw’: 166bˣ here and in the following st. transposes sá and ek. Assuming that the poet intended the same formula throughout this sequence, the majority ms. reading has been adopted.
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2. þá (adv.): then
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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mjǫk (adv.): very, much
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ala (verb; °elr; ól, ólu; alinn): to beget, produce, procreate
[2] ala: so papp15ˣ, 738ˣ, 167b 6ˣ, 214ˣ, 1441ˣ, 10575ˣ, 2797ˣ, ala corrected from ‘hafa ala’ 166bˣ
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ǫfund (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): envy
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1. um (prep.): about, around
[3] um hagi annars ‘of, concerning another’s affairs’: If hagi is regarded as dat. sg., the phrase is grammatically aberrant, for um in the sense ‘of, concerning’ takes the acc., not the dat. Some eds (e.g. Skj B, Skald) emend to af, presumably assuming an earlier scribal confusion between original af and the prep. of, which is replaced by um in later mss. Here, however, hagi is judged to be acc. pl., so um has been retained.
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1. annarr (pron.; °f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir): (an)other, second
[3] um hagi annars ‘of, concerning another’s affairs’: If hagi is regarded as dat. sg., the phrase is grammatically aberrant, for um in the sense ‘of, concerning’ takes the acc., not the dat. Some eds (e.g. Skj B, Skald) emend to af, presumably assuming an earlier scribal confusion between original af and the prep. of, which is replaced by um in later mss. Here, however, hagi is judged to be acc. pl., so um has been retained.
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1. hagr (noun m.; °-s; -ir): situation, condition
[3] um hagi annars ‘of, concerning another’s affairs’: If hagi is regarded as dat. sg., the phrase is grammatically aberrant, for um in the sense ‘of, concerning’ takes the acc., not the dat. Some eds (e.g. Skj B, Skald) emend to af, presumably assuming an earlier scribal confusion between original af and the prep. of, which is replaced by um in later mss. Here, however, hagi is judged to be acc. pl., so um has been retained.
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blóðigr (adj.; °blóðgan/blóðugan (f. dat. sg. bloðre Gulᴵ 82³⁴)): bloody
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rún (noun f.; °; -ar/-ir): rune, secret
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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brjóst (noun n.; °-s; -): breast, chest
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
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merkja (verb): mark, signify
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Each st. of sts 61-7 begins with the same formula Menn sá ek þá ‘I saw men then’, describing various torments of the damned; cf. the same stylistic technique used in the sól ek sá sts 39-45. — [4-6]: Falk compares Rev. XIII.16 for the mark of the beast and VII.2-3 for the sealing of the blessed.
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