[All]: Meissner (1932, 105) thought it possible that the composer of sts 13 and 14 might have been influenced in his depiction of the struggle between sea and sand by a natural event that took place near Þykkvabœr monastery in 1311, when, as a consequence of an eruption of the volcano Katla, great quantities of glacial melt water pushed a large amount of sand and ash into the sea.