[5-8]: The first instance of the second refrain. The opening couplet of this refrain is very similar to that of the first refrain in Has 20/5-6: Ern skóp hauðr ok hlýrni | heims valdr sem kyn beima ‘The powerful ruler of the world [ = God] created earth and heaven as well as the kinsfolk of men’. The helmingr as a whole is similar to one preserved in Skm and attributed there to Markús Skeggjason (d. 1107) (Mark FragIII), probably from a poem about Christ (SnE 1998, I, 77 and 201).
References
- Bibliography
- SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
- Internal references
- (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skáldskaparmál’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=112> (accessed 19 April 2024)
- Jayne Carroll 2017, ‘(Biography of) Markús Skeggjason’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 292.
- Kari Ellen Gade 2017, ‘ Markús Skeggjason, Fragments’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 293. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=1303> (accessed 19 April 2024)
- Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 20’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 90-1.