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skaldic

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Note to Gestumbl Heiðr 18VIII (Heiðr 65)

[4-5]: Angelica’s main method of reproduction is seeding; plants can self-seed (Garland 2004, 31). Vegetative reproduction of the various sub-species of angelica is not well-documented in modern sources, but there is substantial evidence that the plant will produce off-shoots in or after its second year, especially if it is cut back (e.g. Ojala 1985, 193; Grieve 1931; Garland 2004, 31-2; Small 2006, 164-5), perhaps particularly in cooler climates (Vashistha et al. 2009, 76; Billings 1974, 434). This latter habit seems to be what is meant by the imagery of the riddle and the solution.

References

  1. Bibliography
  2. Garland, Sarah. 2004. The Complete Book of Herbs and Spices. Rev. paperback edn. London: Frances Lincoln.
  3. Ojala, Arja. 1985. ‘Variation of Angelica archangelica subsp. archangelica (Apiaceae) in Northern Fennoscandia. 2. Phenological Life Strategy and Reproductive Output’. Annales Botanici Fennici 22, 183-94.
  4. Grieve, Maud. 1931. A Modern Herbal. London: Cape.
  5. Billings, W. Dwight. 1974. ‘Plant Adaptations to Cold Summer Climates’. In Ives et al. 1974, 403-43.
  6. Small, Ernest. 2006. Culinary Herbs. 2nd edn. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada.

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