[3] villumaðr ‘false one’: From villa f. ‘error, falsehood, going astray’. A note of Christian condemnation is probably present, as in the epithet fjǫlkunnr ‘sorcerous, magic-working’ in l. 6, and villumaðr usually means ‘heretic’, both in prose (CVC, Fritzner: villumaðr) and in its sole other skaldic instance (Anon Heil 10/4VII). Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) took villumaðr refilstíga to mean vildman fra vildstierne ‘wild man from the wild paths’, and in LP: villumaðr suggested the sense ‘being which appears to be a man but is not’.
References
- Bibliography
- Skj B = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1912-15b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. B: Rettet tekst. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Villadsen & Christensen. Rpt. 1973. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.
- LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
- CVC = Cleasby, Richard, Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and W. A. Craigie. 1957. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon.
- Fritzner = Fritzner, Johan. 1883-96. Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog. 3 vols. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske forlagsforening. 4th edn. Rpt. 1973. Oslo etc.: Universitetsforlaget.
- Internal references
- Kirsten Wolf (ed.) 2007, ‘Anonymous Poems, Heilagra manna drápa 10’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 879-80.