greinir laga
‘elucidator of laws’ = RULER
elucidator of laws’, → RULER
þrekprúðum yfirmaðr þjóðar
‘the strength-magnificent overseer of the people’ = RULER = Moses
the strength-magnificent overseer of the people → RULER = Moses
konungr dróttar
‘the king of the host’ = RULER = Christ
The king of the host → RULER = Christ
sýnir trausts seggja
‘the demonstrator of support to men’ = RULER
The demonstrator of support to men → RULER
eyðir ógnar
‘of the destroyer of terror’ = RULER = Byzantine emperor
the destroyer of terror → RULER = Byzantine emperor
folkstýrir
‘the troop-leader’ = RULER
The troop-leader → RULER
stœrir gumna
‘ the strengthener of men’ = RULER
The strengthener of men → RULER
bági jarla
‘the adversary of jarls’ = RULER
the adversary of jarls → RULER
hildingr kyns lofða
‘of the prince of the race of men’ = RULER = Christ
the race of men → MANKIND
the prince of the MANKIND → RULER = Christ
hilmir ýta
‘of the protector of men’ = RULER = God
the protector of men → RULER = God
folkvǫrðr
‘the people’s guardian’ = RULER
The people’s guardian → RULER
œgir jǫfra
‘the terrifier of princes’ = RULER = Magnús
The terrifier of princes → RULER = Magnús
hraustan geðbœtir
‘the valiant morale-improver’ = RULER = Tryggvi
the valiant morale-improver → RULER = Tryggvi
ástvinr aldar
‘the beloved friend of people’ = RULER
the beloved friend of people → RULER
treystir folka
‘the trier of men’ = RULER
The trier of men → RULER
harða nýtr reifir hersa
‘the very bountiful gladdener of hersar’ = RULER
The very bountiful gladdener of hersar → RULER
spjalli harra
‘the companion of lords’ = RULER = Henry IV
The companion of lords → RULER = Henry IV
mœðir hersa
‘the troubler of hersar’ = RULER = Eiríkr
the troubler of hersar → RULER = Eiríkr
dýrri vǫrðr flotna
‘a more precious guardian of sea-warriors’ = RULER
a more precious guardian of sea-warriors → RULER
reynir máttar hersa
‘the trier of the might of hersar’ = RULER = Byzantine emperor
the trier of the might of hersar → RULER = Byzantine emperor
fœðir fremðarráða
‘the nourisher of outstanding actions’ = RULER
The nourisher of outstanding actions → RULER
hildarramr sløngvir harra
‘the battle-mighty disperser of lords’ = RULER
The battle-mighty disperser of lords → RULER
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
hildingr hölda
‘the king of men’ = RULER = Christ
The king of men → RULER = Christ
fróns vǫrðr
‘earth’s guardian’ = RULER = Christ
earth’s guardian → RULER = Christ
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
hyggjublíðr konungr jöfra
‘the thought-tender king of princes’ = RULER = Christ
the thought-tender king of princes → RULER = Christ
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
æztan konungr fyrða
‘the highest king of men’ = RULER = Christ
the highest king of men. → RULER = Christ
konungr fróns
‘of the king of earth’ = RULER = Christ
the king of earth → RULER = Christ
‘hirtir manna
‘‘chastiser of men’ = RULER
‘Chastiser of men, → RULER
svinnan søkkspennir
‘a wise treasure-grasper’ = RULER
a wise treasure-grasper, → RULER
þrýstir jǫfra
‘the compeller of princes’ = RULER = Rǫgnvaldr
the compeller of princes; → RULER = Rǫgnvaldr
stýrir lofða
‘the controller of men’ = RULER = Hákon
The controller of men → RULER = Hákon
kennir þinga
‘master of assemblies’ = RULER
master of assemblies, → RULER
stýrandi landa
‘the controller of lands’ = RULER
The controller of lands → RULER
þengill rekka
‘of the prince of warriors’ = RULER = Sveinn/Magnús
the prince of warriors; → RULER = Sveinn/Magnús
þess þingsættir
‘to that assembly-reconciler’ = RULER
to that assembly-reconciler → RULER
niðr fylkis
‘of the leader’s offspring’ = RULER = Magnús
the leader’s offspring. → RULER = Magnús
vǫrðr virða
‘the guardian of men’ = RULER = Hákon jarl Sigurðarson
the guardian of men → RULER = Hákon jarl Sigurðarson
víðlendr myrðir varga
‘broad-landed destroyer of outlaws’ = RULER = Knútr
broad-landed destroyer of outlaws, → RULER = Knútr
kundr hilmis
‘descendant of a ruler’ = RULER = Haraldr
Descendant of a ruler, → RULER = Haraldr
stillir rekka
‘the leader of men’ = RULER = Skúli
the leader of men → RULER = Skúli
gramr fyrða
‘the leader of the people’ = RULER = Skúli
The leader of the people, → RULER = Skúli
harðráðr mýgir hersa
‘the harsh-ruling oppressor of hersar’ = RULER
The harsh-ruling oppressor of hersar → RULER
ǫlskakki
‘the ale-dispenser’ = RULER = Jǫrmunrekkr
The ale-dispenser → RULER = Jǫrmunrekkr
stillir lýða
‘the controller of men’ = RULER
The controller of men, → RULER
ráðalfr
‘of the control-elf’ = RULER = Hǫgni (?)
the control-elf → RULER = Hǫgni (?)
vinr gœðinga
‘friend of nobles’ = RULER
Friend of nobles, → RULER
ættumgóðr hneitir jöfra
‘high-born striker of princes’ = RULER
high-born striker of princes, → RULER
hjǫrdjarfr dróttinn hersa
‘the sword-bold lord of hersar’ = RULER
The sword-bold lord of hersar → RULER
herstefnir
‘the army-commander’ = RULER
the army-commander → RULER
sá konr haukstalda
‘the descendant of princes’ = RULER = Magnús
The descendant of princes, → RULER = Magnús
—ungr hǫtuðr tandrauðs ormtorgs
‘—the young hater of the flame-red dragon-square’ = RULER
the flame-red dragon-square → GOLD
—the young hater of the GOLD → RULER
hneykir hertoga
‘the confounder of war-leaders’ = RULER
the confounder of war-leaders → RULER
hár, hugreifr stjóri hirðar
‘the tall, mind-cheerful commander of the retinue’ = RULER
The tall, mind-cheerful commander of the retinue → RULER
hristir hertoga
‘the shaker of war-leaders’ = RULER
the shaker of war-leaders → RULER
nýtr ráðandi manndáða
‘the excellent performer of manly deeds’ = RULER
The excellent performer of manly deeds → RULER
glǫðuðr hersa
‘the gladdener of hersar’ = RULER
The gladdener of hersar → RULER
lið-Baldr
‘the troop-Baldr’ = RULER
The troop-Baldr → RULER
spjalli gotna
‘confidant of men’ = RULER
Confidant of men, → RULER
bági jǫfra
‘subduer of princes’ = RULER
Subduer of princes, → RULER
hverr herskyldir
‘which troop-commander’ = RULER
which troop-commander → RULER
þess morðkennds sessi þengils
‘of that battle-skilled bench-mate of the monarch’ = RULER = Þorfinnr
that battle-skilled bench-mate of the monarch. → RULER = Þorfinnr
ættstafr Endils
‘the kin-stave of Endill’ = RULER
the kin-stave of Endill, → RULER
kundr lofðungs
‘of the ruler’s son’ = RULER = Þorfinnr
the ruler’s son → RULER = Þorfinnr
reynir mannkyns
‘the trier of men’ = RULER
the trier of men. → RULER
þeim geymir inndróttar
‘that guardian of his retinue’ = RULER
that guardian of his retinue. → RULER
þengill hersa
‘the lord of hersar’ = RULER
the lord of hersar, → RULER
ins barra hneitir dǫglinga
‘of the zealous subduer of princes’ = RULER
the zealous subduer of princes → RULER
snjallr vǫrðr grundar
‘the keen guardian of the land’ = RULER = Rǫgnvaldr
The keen guardian of the land, → RULER = Rǫgnvaldr
folkstuðill
‘the people’s support’ = RULER
the people’s support → RULER
vinr dróttar
‘the friend of the people’ = RULER = Magnús or Óláfr Haraldsson
the friend of the people → RULER = Magnús or Óláfr Haraldsson
skyldir hauka
‘the commander of hawks’ = RULER
the commander of hawks → RULER
þess sessi þjóðar
‘of this bench-mate of the people’ = RULER
this bench-mate of the people → RULER
herskerðir
‘The army-diminisher’ = RULER
The army-diminisher → RULER
stjóri gumna
‘the steerer of men’ = RULER
the steerer of men, → RULER
stríðir Breta
‘the harmer of Britons’ = RULER = Óláfr
The harmer of Britons, → RULER = Óláfr
landvǫrðr
‘the land’s guardian’ = RULER = Óláfr
The land’s guardian → RULER = Óláfr
dýrr stjóri dróttar
‘the worthy steerer of the retinue’ = RULER
the worthy steerer of the retinue → RULER
bági jarla
‘adversary of jarls’ = RULER = Hákon
Adversary of jarls, → RULER = Hákon
herrekkir
‘the troop-emboldener’ = RULER
the troop-emboldener → RULER
vǫrðr ýta
‘guardian of men’ = RULER
guardian of men, → RULER
oddviti allrar þjóðar
‘the spearhead of the whole people’ = RULER
the spearhead of the whole people. → RULER
heiðmildr herstefnir
‘reward-generous army commander’ = RULER
reward-generous army commander, → RULER
herstillir
‘of the army-commander’ = RULER
the army-commander → RULER
landvǫrðr
‘land-guardian’ = RULER
land-guardian, → RULER
gildir flotna
‘supporter of seafarers’ = RULER
Supporter of seafarers, → RULER
konr bragna
‘kinsman of chieftains’ = RULER
kinsman of chieftains, → RULER
þofti skjǫldunga
‘benchmate of kings’ = RULER
benchmate of kings, → RULER
engi allvaldr aldar
‘no mighty ruler of men’ = RULER
no mighty ruler of men → RULER
herskorðandi
‘army-supporter’ = RULER
Army-supporter, → RULER
geðsnjallr folkvǫrðr
‘the quick-witted guardian of the people’ = RULER
The quick-witted guardian of the people → RULER
dróttinn drengja
‘the lord of men’ = RULER = Óláfr
The lord of men → RULER = Óláfr
ættstuðill skylja
‘the family-pillar of princes’ = RULER = Hákon
the family-pillar of princes → RULER = Hákon
vinr gotna
‘the friend of men’ = RULER = Hákon
The friend of men → RULER = Hákon
hǫfundr aldar
‘the judge of men’ = RULER = Skúli
the judge of men, → RULER = Skúli
þengill skatna
‘the lord of chieftains’ = RULER
The lord of chieftains → RULER
gætir fira
‘to the guardian of men’ = RULER = Hákon
to the guardian of men; → RULER = Hákon
vinr drengja
‘the friend of warriors’ = RULER
the friend of warriors → RULER
stillir hersa
‘to the lord of hersar’ = RULER
to the lord of hersar, → RULER
frœknum tiggi grundar
‘the bold lord of the land’ = RULER
the bold lord of the land. → RULER
vinr aldar
‘the friend of the people’ = RULER
the friend of the people → RULER
fjǫlvitrum œgir jǫfra
‘the extremely wise terrifier of princes’ = RULER
the extremely wise terrifier of princes → RULER
jaðarr fólks
‘the protector of the people’ = RULER
the protector of the people → RULER
vinr skatna
‘the friend of the people’ = RULER
the friend of the people → RULER
dýrr deilir dróttar
‘the worthy controller of the retinue’ = RULER = Óláfr
the worthy controller of the retinue → RULER = Óláfr
grœðir frama
‘the promoter of fame’ = RULER = Skúli
the promoter of fame → RULER = Skúli
vǫrðr grundar
‘guardian of the ground’ = RULER
guardian of the ground → RULER
spjalli gumna
‘the confidant of men’ = RULER
the confidant of men → RULER
sá gramr ýta
‘that lord of the people’ = RULER
that lord of the people → RULER
vǫrðr fróns
‘the guardian of the land’ = RULER
the guardian of the land → RULER
sá vǫrðr foldar
‘that guardian of the earth’ = RULER
that guardian of the earth → RULER
veljandi valjarðar
‘chooser of the battlefield’ = RULER
chooser of the battlefield, → RULER
gramr þjóðar
‘the lord of the people’ = RULER
the lord of the people. → RULER
kyn jǫfra
‘the kinsman of princes’ = RULER = Magnús
the kinsman of princes → RULER = Magnús
dróttinn virða
‘the lord of men’ = RULER
the lord of men; → RULER
œgir gumna
‘intimidator of men’ = RULER
intimidator of men; → RULER
vísi mikils íslands
‘sovereign of the great ice-land’ = RULER
the great ice-land. → SEA
sovereign of the SEA → RULER
gætir lands
‘the guardian of the land’ = RULER = Hákon
the guardian of the land → RULER = Hákon
vinr virða
‘the friend of men’ = RULER = Magnús
the friend of men → RULER = Magnús
gætir gumna
‘the protector of men’ = RULER = Guðbrandr
the protector of men → RULER = Guðbrandr
allríkr konr bragna
‘the most powerful son of kings’ = RULER = Óláfr
the most powerful son of kings → RULER = Óláfr
snarr harri búþegna
‘the keen chief of landowners’ = RULER = Óláfr
the keen chief of landowners → RULER = Óláfr
ýtir jarðar
‘impeller of land’ = RULER
Impeller of land, → RULER
burr bragnings
‘of the son of the ruler’ = RULER
the son of the ruler → RULER
styrkr vǫrðr verðungar
‘the strong guardian of the troop’ = RULER
the strong guardian of the troop → RULER
vegmildr vǫrðr víðrar foldar
‘the honour-generous guardian of vast territory’ = RULER = Óláfr
The honour-generous guardian of vast territory → RULER = Óláfr
bragningr þjóðar
‘of the prince of men’ = RULER = Óláfr
the prince of men → RULER = Óláfr
lǫðuðr rekks
‘the inviter of the warrior’ = RULER
the inviter of the warrior → RULER
stjóri reiðar
‘the steerer of the carriage’ = RULER
the steerer of the carriage, → RULER
sessi seggja
‘the benchmate of men’ = RULER = Hákon
the benchmate of men → RULER = Hákon
dróttinn lýða
‘the lord of men’ = RULER = Játmundr
the lord of men → RULER = Játmundr
hugstóran vǫrðr foldar
‘the high-minded guardian of the land’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
the high-minded guardian of the land → RULER = Hákon jarl
óþyrmir varga
‘the crusher of outlaws’ = RULER
the crusher of outlaws → RULER
hneitir jǫfra
‘the striker of princes’ = RULER = Eiríkr
The striker of princes, → RULER = Eiríkr
snytrir þjóðar
‘to the instructor of the people’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
to the instructor of the people. → RULER = Hákon jarl
herforðuðr
‘the army-protector’ = RULER
the army-protector → RULER
grandvarr geymir síma silkis grundar brúna
‘the damage-wary keeper of the silken band of the land of the brows’ = RULER
the land of the brows → HEAD
the silken band of the HEAD → HEADBAND
The damage-wary keeper of the HEADBAND → RULER
sverða sǫngherðir
‘song-strengthener of swords’ = RULER
the song of swords → BATTLE
the strengthener of the BATTLE → RULER
valdr morðs haulda
‘the controller of the killing of men’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
the killing of men → BATTLE
The controller of the BATTLE → RULER = Hákon jarl
niðr Vǫlsunga
‘the descendant of the Vǫlsungar’ = RULER
The descendant of the Vǫlsungar → RULER
jǫfra ættrýrir
‘kin-destroyer of princes’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
the kin of princes? → PRINCES
the destroyer of PRINCES → RULER = Hákon jarl
herstefnandi
‘the army-summoner’ = RULER
The army-summoner → RULER
hljótr grundar
‘the recipient of land’ = RULER
the recipient of land → RULER
vinr gumna
‘the friend of men’ = RULER = Haraldr
The friend of men → RULER = Haraldr
vǫrðr grundar
‘the guardian of ground’ = RULER = Haraldr
the guardian of ground → RULER = Haraldr
vǫrðr foldar
‘the guardian of the land’ = RULER
The guardian of the land, → RULER
hneykir harra
‘the confounder of lords’ = RULER
The confounder of lords → RULER
harri hjartfœrra hreinvazta
‘the lord of deer-traversed reindeer-seas’ = RULER
deer-traversed reindeer-seas → EARTH
The lord of the EARTH → RULER
dýrr stjóri drengja
‘the worthy leader of warriors’ = RULER = Eiríkr
the worthy leader of warriors → RULER = Eiríkr
folk-Baldr
‘the host-Baldr’ = RULER
The host-Baldr → RULER
vinr gumna
‘the friend of men’ = RULER
the friend of men. → RULER
gramr vinr lofða
‘the fierce friend of men’ = RULER
The fierce friend of men → RULER
herstefnandi
‘the army-summoner’ = RULER = Hákon
the army-summoner → RULER = Hákon
einum jarðbyggvir
‘one land-owner’ = RULER
one land-owner? → RULER
vǫrðr jarða Hálfdanar
‘the guardian of the lands of Hálfdan’ = RULER = Helgi?
the lands of Hálfdan → Norway
the guardian of NORWAY → RULER = Helgi?
dróttinn skatna
‘lord of men’ = RULER = Helgi
lord of men, → RULER = Helgi
jaðarr hers
‘the leader of the army’ = RULER = Vortigern
the leader of the army → RULER = Vortigern
stjóri gumna
‘the commander of men’ = RULER = Vortigern
The commander of men → RULER = Vortigern
gunnríkr rúni grams
‘the battle-powerful prince’s confidant’ = RULER
The battle-powerful prince’s confidant, → RULER
sá snjallráðr spjalli konungs
‘that shrewdly-advising king’s intimate’ = RULER
that shrewdly-advising king’s intimate → RULER
arfi konungs
‘the heir of the king’ = RULER = me, Hjálmþér
the heir of the king → RULER = me, Hjálmþér
konr siklinga
‘the descendant of princes’ = RULER
The descendant of princes → RULER
jarðhljótr
‘the land-recipient’ = RULER
The land-recipient, → RULER
valdr vés
‘the owner of the sanctuary’ = RULER
the owner of the sanctuary, → RULER
máli buðlunga
‘the confidant of rulers’ = RULER
The confidant of rulers → RULER
atsitjandi enskrar foldar
‘the resident of english earth’ = RULER = (?) Eiríkr blóðøx
the resident of English earth. → RULER = (?) Eiríkr blóðøx
folkhagi
‘the army-manager’ = RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
The army-manager → RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
gǫfuglyndum sonr allvalds
‘the noble-tempered son of a sovereign’ = RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
the noble-tempered son of a sovereign? → RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
ljóðfrǫmuðr
‘the people-furtherer’ = RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
the people-furtherer, → RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
reifir hǫlða
‘patron of heroes’ = RULER = Óláfr
Patron of heroes, → RULER = Óláfr
dróttinn markar
‘to the lord of the forest’ = RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
to the lord of the forest → RULER = Eiríkr blóðøx
allvaldr aldar
‘the mighty ruler of mankind’ = RULER = God?
The mighty ruler of mankind → RULER = God?
vellauðigr landvǫrðr
‘the gold-rich land-guardian’ = RULER = Haraldr gráfeldr
the gold-rich land-guardian → RULER = Haraldr gráfeldr
This view lists all kennings with the selected referent. It analyses extended kennings to show the stages by which one arrives at the particular referent; these may form part of larger kennings but this is not shown here.
For more information on a particular kenning, select the stanza in which it occurs and click on the kenning in the interactive text to see the full analysis of the kenning.