hróðmǫgr Haralds ins grenska
‘the glory-son of Haraldr inn grenski (‘the one from grenland’)’ = Óláfr
The glory-son of Haraldr inn grenski (‘the one from Grenland’) → Óláfr
fylkir þrœnda
‘the lord of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The lord of the Þrœndir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
arfi Haralds
‘Haraldr’s heir’ = Óláfr
Haraldr’s heir. → Óláfr
faðir Magnúss
‘Magnús’s father’ = Óláfr
Magnús’s father → Óláfr
þess sonr Magnúss
‘that son of Magnús’ = Óláfr
that son of Magnús → Óláfr
þreklynds þegn Krists
‘of the strong-minded thane of Christ’ = Óláfr
the strong-minded thane of Christ; → Óláfr
þengill mœra
‘of the lord of the mœrir’ = Óláfr
the lord of the Mœrir; → Óláfr
helgum jǫfurr fira
‘to the holy king of men’ = Óláfr
to the holy king of men. → Óláfr
liðgegn lofðungr þrœnda
‘the prince of the þrœndir, fair with men’ = Óláfr
The prince of the Þrœndir, fair with men, → Óláfr
fullhugaðr folkvaldr
‘the very wise army-ruler’ = Óláfr
the very wise army-ruler → Óláfr
konungr rauma
‘the king of the raumar’ = Óláfr
the king of the Raumar → Óláfr
gramr hǫrða
‘the king of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
The king of the Hǫrðar, → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
dróttinn hǫrða
‘of the lord of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
the lord of the Hǫrðar → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
dróttinn Sygna
‘the lord of the Sygnir’ = Óláfr
the lord of the Sygnir, → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
dáðmilds nistandi ulfs
‘of the good-performing feeder of the wolf’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the good-performing feeder of the wolf → WARRIOR = Óláfr
folksterks fylkir egða
‘of the army-strong leader of the egðir’ = Óláfr
the army-strong leader of the Egðir → Óláfr
faðir Magnúss ins góða
‘to the father of Magnús the good’ = Óláfr
to the father of Magnús the Good; → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
vald foldar
‘the strength of the land’ = Óláfr
the strength of the land → Óláfr
snjallr spjalli lausnara
‘the brave confidant of the saviour’ = Óláfr
the brave confidant of the Saviour → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
hlýri móður
‘the brother of [his] mother’ = Óláfr
the brother of [his] mother → Óláfr
limr Krists
‘the limb of Christ’ = SAINT = Óláfr
the limb of Christ. → SAINT = Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
harmskerðandi
‘of the harm-diminisher’ = SAINT = Óláfr
the harm-diminisher, → SAINT = Óláfr
mildingr hǫrða
‘of the king of the hǫrðar’ = Óláfr
the king of the Hǫrðar → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
þengill rauma
‘the king of the raumar’ = Óláfr
the king of the Raumar → Óláfr
inn frœkni kundr fylkis
‘the brave descendant of a king’ = Óláfr
the brave descendant of a king → Óláfr
ins hôva gunndjarfs stríðandi hrings
‘of the tall, battle-eager enemy of the ring’ = GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the tall, battle-eager enemy of the ring → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
jǫfurr fyrða
‘the prince of men’ = Óláfr
the prince of men, → Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
ríkr, þjóðnýtr bróðir Haralds
‘the powerful, very bountiful brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The powerful, very bountiful brother of Haraldr → Óláfr
þingdjarfs snyrtir bauga
‘of the battle-brave polisher of rings’ = MAN = Óláfr
the battle-brave polisher of rings → MAN = Óláfr
Haralds margþarfr arfi
‘Haraldr’s very useful heir’ = Óláfr
Haraldr’s very useful heir → Óláfr
himna salkonungs ítrum limr
‘the bright limb of the hall-king of the heavens’ = SAINT = Óláfr
the hall of the heavens; → SKY/HEAVEN
the king of the SKY/HEAVEN → God
the bright limb of GOD → SAINT = Óláfr
siklingr bóls heiðbjartrar sólar
‘of the lord of the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun’ = Óláfr
the dwelling-place of the cloud-free sun, → SKY/HEAVEN
the lord of the SKY/HEAVEN → Óláfr
nafnkuðr langvinr lausnara
‘the well-known old friend of the saviour’ = Óláfr
the well-known old friend of the Saviour → Óláfr
gǫfgan geisli guðs hallar
‘the splendid light-beam of god’s hall’ = Óláfr
God’s hall, → HEAVEN
the splendid light-beam of the HEAVEN → Óláfr
fagran vinr tyggja rǫðuls
‘the beautiful friend of the king of the sun’ = Óláfr
the king of the sun; → God
the beautiful friend of GOD → Óláfr
þenna sendir þilblakks
‘this launcher of the plank-horse’ = SEAFARER = Óláfr
the plank-horse → SHIP
this launcher of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Óláfr
eggdjarfr þengill þrœnda
‘the blade-daring lord of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The blade-daring lord of the Þrœndir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
þrályndr œgir Engla
‘the obstinate-minded intimidator of the English’ = Óláfr
the obstinate-minded intimidator of the English → Óláfr
ǫrr áttstuðill jǫfra
‘the generous lineage-pillar of princes’ = KING = Óláfr
The generous lineage-pillar of princes → KING = Óláfr
nenninn konungr Nóregs
‘The enterprising king of Norway’ = Óláfr
The enterprising king of Norway → Óláfr
þverrir Engla
‘the diminisher of the English’ = Óláfr
the diminisher of the English → Óláfr
framr dróttinn fila
‘the outstanding lord of the filir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The outstanding lord of the Filir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
ótvínn þrýstir Engla
‘The unwavering oppressor of the English’ = Óláfr
The unwavering oppressor of the English, → Óláfr
sjórkonungr rauma
‘the sea-king of the raumar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the sea-king of the Raumar, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
sóknǫrr stillir egða
‘the battle-generous ruler of the egðir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The battle-generous ruler of the Egðir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
dróttinn fila
‘of the lord of the filir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the lord of the Filir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
guðs riddari
‘god’s knight’ = SAINT = Óláfr
God’s knight → SAINT = Óláfr
vísi strinda
‘of the ruler of the strindir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Strindir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
gramr Sygna
‘of the lord of the Sygnir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the lord of the Sygnir, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
nýtr vǫrðr Nóregs
‘the able guardian of Norway’ = Óláfr
the able guardian of Norway → Óláfr
vǫrðr malma
‘guardian of metal weapons’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
guardian of metal weapons; → WARRIOR = Óláfr
þengill Lista
‘prince of Lista’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
prince of Lista, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
rýrir aldar þjófa
‘destroyer of the race of thieves’ = JUST RULER = Óláfr
destroyer of the race of thieves, → JUST RULER = Óláfr
hilmir hǫrða
‘of the ruler of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
inn vitri, móðrakkr bróðir Haralds
‘the wise, mind-bold brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The wise, mind-bold brother of Haraldr → Óláfr
sókndjarfr arfi Haralds
‘the attack-brave heir of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The attack-brave heir of Haraldr → Óláfr
hættinn happsœkjandi hreins branda
‘venturesome, fortunate attacker of the reindeer of stems’ = SEA-WARRIOR = Óláfr
the reindeer of stems, → SHIP
venturesome, fortunate attacker of the SHIP → SEA-WARRIOR = Óláfr
ríkr rœkir linns randar
‘mighty keeper of the serpent of the shield’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the serpent of the shield; → SWORD
mighty keeper of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
ǫrstiklandi
‘the arrow-shooter’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
The arrow-shooter → WARRIOR = Óláfr
vága viggrunnr
‘steed-bush of the waves’ = SEAFARER = Óláfr
the steed of the waves. → SHIP
bush of the SHIP → SEAFARER = Óláfr
sonr Haralds
‘the son of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
The son of Haraldr → Óláfr
myrðir Vinða
‘the murderer of Wends’ = Óláfr
the murderer of Wends → Óláfr
stríðir Breta
‘the harmer of Britons’ = RULER = Óláfr
The harmer of Britons, → RULER = Óláfr
ǫrvan, hugdyggvan sonr Tryggva
‘the swift, steadfast son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the swift, steadfast son of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
landvǫrðr
‘the land’s guardian’ = RULER = Óláfr
The land’s guardian → RULER = Óláfr
gramr lofða
‘the ruler of warriors’ = Óláfr
the ruler of warriors → Óláfr
læstyggs burr Tryggva
‘of the deceit-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the deceit-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
nenninn dróttinn Norðmanna
‘the energetic lord of Norwegians’ = Óláfr
the energetic lord of Norwegians → Óláfr
flugstyggs sonr Tryggva
‘of the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
flugstyggs sonr Tryggva
‘of the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the flight-shunning son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘Tryggvi’s son’ = Óláfr
Tryggvi’s son, → Óláfr
þreksnjallr, mildr þengill þrænda
‘the mightily wise, generous prince of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The mightily wise, generous prince of the Þrœndir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
þollr sverðéls
‘the fir-tree of the sword-storm’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the sword-storm. → BATTLE
the fir-tree of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Óláfr
Þróttar skýja eldveitandi
‘fire-offerer of the clouds of Þróttr’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the clouds of Þróttr, → SHIELDS
the fire of SHIELDS → SWORD
offerer of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
snjǫllum sonr Tryggva
‘of the valiant son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the valiant son of Tryggvi. → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi → Óláfr
nýtum niðr Norðmanna
‘the able son of Norwegians’ = Óláfr
the able son of Norwegians; → Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi, → Óláfr
niðjungr Haralds
‘descendant of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
descendant of Haraldr, → Óláfr
bræðir blágjóða bengjalfrs
‘feeder of the dark ospreys of the wound-sea’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the wound-sea, → BLOOD
the dark ospreys of the BLOOD → RAVENS/EAGLES
Feeder of RAVENS/EAGLES → WARRIOR = Óláfr
Þróttar þings mágrennir
‘gull-feeder of the assembly of Þróttr’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the assembly of Þróttr, → BATTLE
the gull of the BATTLE → RAVEN/EAGLE
Feeder of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIOR = Óláfr
lýtandi branda folds ifla
‘harmer of the flames of the land of the hawk’ = GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the land of the hawk, → HAND
the flames of the HAND → GOLD
Harmer of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
dróttinn drengja
‘the lord of men’ = RULER = Óláfr
The lord of men → RULER = Óláfr
ætt Haralds
‘the descendant of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
the descendant of Haraldr → Óláfr
þrimu þornheims Þundr
‘thorn-home of battle’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the thorn of battle. → SWORD
the home of the SWORD → SHIELD
the Þundr of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
hlǫðr dana
‘the feller of the danes’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the feller of the Danes → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
dýrr deilir dróttar
‘the worthy controller of the retinue’ = RULER = Óláfr
the worthy controller of the retinue → RULER = Óláfr
boði geirþorps
‘against the messenger of the spear-settlement’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the spear-settlement, → SHIELD
against the messenger of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
The son of Tryggvi → Óláfr
hrǫnduðr alinbranda
‘the distributor of arm-flames’ = GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
arm-flames, → GOLD
the distributor of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
hati elds ýsetrs
‘the hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest’ = GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
hraustr vinr hǫrða
‘the bold friend of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the bold friend of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
allríkr konr bragna
‘the most powerful son of kings’ = RULER = Óláfr
the most powerful son of kings → RULER = Óláfr
snarr harri búþegna
‘the keen chief of landowners’ = RULER = Óláfr
the keen chief of landowners → RULER = Óláfr
vápndjarfr arfi Haralds
‘the weapon-bold heir of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
the weapon-bold heir of Haraldr → Óláfr
vígmóðr bróðir Haralds
‘the battle-weary brother of Haraldr’ = Óláfr
the battle-weary brother of Haraldr → Óláfr
inn unga kundr jǫfra
‘the young descendant of princes’ = Óláfr
the young descendant of princes → Óláfr
niðr fylkis
‘of the descendant of the ruler’ = Óláfr
the descendant of the ruler → Óláfr
hneigir hlenna
‘oppressor of thieves’ = JUST RULER = Óláfr
Oppressor of thieves, → JUST RULER = Óláfr
arfrvǫrðr Haralds
‘the guardian of Haraldr’s inheritance’ = Óláfr
the guardian of Haraldr’s inheritance → Óláfr
snjallr dróttinn þrœnda
‘the brave lord of the þrœndir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The brave lord of the Þrœndir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
hilmir mœra
‘the ruler of the mœrir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the ruler of the Mœrir, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
fríðum skjaldar linna skýrunnr
‘cloud-tree of the snakes of the shield’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the snakes of the shield, → SWORDS
the cloud of SWORDS → SHIELD
for the handsome tree of the SHIELD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
mildum Þróttar þing-Baldr
‘assembly-Baldr of Þróttr’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the assembly of Þróttr, → BATTLE
for the generous Baldr of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Óláfr
vegmildr vǫrðr víðrar foldar
‘the honour-generous guardian of vast territory’ = RULER = Óláfr
The honour-generous guardian of vast territory → RULER = Óláfr
aldyggr arfi Tryggva
‘the most excellent heir of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
The most excellent heir of Tryggvi, → Óláfr
bragningr þjóðar
‘of the prince of men’ = RULER = Óláfr
the prince of men → RULER = Óláfr
fríðr Skǫglar elda sker-Baldr
‘skerry-Baldr of the fires of Skǫgul’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fires of Skǫgul → SWORDS
the skerry of SWORDS → SHIELDS
the handsome Baldr of SHIELDS → WARRIOR = Óláfr
sannhróðigr herlundr
‘truly famous war-tree’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
truly famous war-tree → WARRIOR = Óláfr
orðprúðs gætir Nóregs
‘of the famous guardian of Norway’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the famous guardian of Norway → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
hvítra skjalda hyr-Baldr
‘fire-Baldr of white shields’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the fire of white shields, → SWORD
The Baldr of the SWORD → WARRIOR = Óláfr
ǫrrjóðr
‘the arrow-reddener’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
The arrow-reddener → WARRIOR = Óláfr
arfr-þegi Tryggva
‘concerning the heir of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
concerning the heir of Tryggvi; → Óláfr
sonr hugdyggs Tryggva
‘the son of the mind-brave Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of the mind-brave Tryggvi → Óláfr
stillir hǫrða
‘for the ruler of the hǫrðar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
for the ruler of the Hǫrðar, → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
konungr eyna
‘the king of the eynir’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
The king of the Eynir → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
sonr Tryggva
‘the son of Tryggvi’ = Óláfr
the son of Tryggvi → Óláfr
vǫrðr grundar
‘the guardian of the land’ = KING = Óláfr
the guardian of the land → KING = Óláfr
mildr faðir Magnúss
‘the gracious father of Magnús’ = Óláfr
The gracious father of Magnús → Óláfr
hjaldrmóðum gramr Hringa
‘the battle-bold prince of the Hringar’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the battle-bold prince of the Hringar; → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
hvǫtuðr hildar
‘the inciter of battle’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the inciter of battle; → WARRIOR = Óláfr
dróttinn hersa
‘the lord of hersar’ = KING = Óláfr
the lord of hersar → KING = Óláfr
húna hyrsendir
‘fire-sender of the mast-tops’ = GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the fire of the mast-tops → GOLD
the sender of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
stríðir Engla
‘the opponent of the English’ = Óláfr
the opponent of the English, → Óláfr
flóttskjǫrrum feðr Magnúss
‘the flight-shy father of Magnús’ = Óláfr
the flight-shy father of Magnús. → Óláfr
gramr Svía
‘the ruler of the Swedes’ = Óláfr
the ruler of the Swedes → Óláfr
skerðir Engla
‘the diminisher of the English’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the diminisher of the English → WARRIOR = Óláfr
reifir hǫlða
‘patron of heroes’ = RULER = Óláfr
Patron of heroes, → RULER = Óláfr
reginnagli máls bóka
‘the sacred nail of the language of books’ = SAINT = Óláfr
the language of books. → LATIN
the sacred nail of the LATIN → SAINT = Óláfr
vel hressa Njǫrðr vápna
‘the very energetic Njǫrðr of weapons’ = WARRIOR = Óláfr
the very energetic Njǫrðr of weapons was → WARRIOR = Óláfr
sonr Bjargeyjar
‘the son of Bjargey’ = Óláfr
the son of Bjargey → Óláfr
This view lists all kennings with the selected referent. It analyses extended kennings to show the stages by which one arrives at the particular referent; these may form part of larger kennings but this is not shown here.
For more information on a particular kenning, select the stanza in which it occurs and click on the kenning in the interactive text to see the full analysis of the kenning.