4. General Abbreviations
Kari Ellen Gade 2009, ‘General Abbreviations’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols [check printed volume for citation].
Note that sigla for all ON-Icel. poetry, sagas, compendia and þættir referred to in this edn are to be found in the List of sigla, with the exception of abbreviations for poems of the Elder Edda (which are listed below), while abbreviated references to eds, facsimiles and secondary sources are to be found listed in alphabetical order in the Bibliography. All other abbreviations are listed here.
Abbreviations are used in all parts of the edn, except at the beginning of sentences and in most sections of the Introduction. Note that plurals of abbreviated words are written in full, e.g. ‘infinitives’, ‘adverbs’ unless pl. forms are listed below, e.g. ‘ll.’, ‘sts’. Grammatical and Linguistic Abbreviations
acc. — accusative
adj. — adjective
adv. — adverb
cl. — clause
comp. — comparative
conj. — conjunction
cpd — compound
dat. — dative
def. art. — definite article
e-m — einhverjum
e-n — einhvern
e-s — einhvers
e-t — eitthvat
e-u — einhverju
f. — feminine
gen. — genitive
imp. — imperative
indef. — indefinite
indic. — indicative
inf. — infinitive
instr. — instrumental
interrog. — interrogative
m. — masculine
m. v. — middle voice, mediopassive
n. — neuter
nom. — nominative
perf. — perfect
pers. n. — personal name
pl. — plural
poss. — possessive
p. n. — place name
p. p. — past participle
prep. — preposition
pres. part. — present participle
pret. — preterite
pron. — pronoun
refl. — reflexive
rel. — relative
sg. — singular
subj. — subjunctive
sup. — superlative
1st pers. — first person
2nd pers. — second person
3rd pers. — third person Abbreviations for Languages and Nationalities
Dan. — Danish
Engl. — English
Ger. — German
Gk — Greek
Gmc — Germanic
Goth. — Gothic
Icel. — Icelandic
Lat. — Latin
ME — Middle English
MHG — Middle High German
MIr. — Middle Irish
MLat. — Medieval Latin
MLG — Middle Low German
ModDan. — Modern Danish
ModIcel. — Modern Icelandic
ModNorw. — Modern Norwegian
ModSwed. — Modern Swedish
New Norw. — New Norwegian (nynorsk)
Norw. — Norwegian
ODan. — Old Danish
OE — Old English
OFr. — Old French
OHG — Old High German
OIcel. — Old Icelandic
OIr. — Old Irish
ON — Old Norse (used where differentiation between individual early Nordic [norrœn] — languages is not necessary or possible)
ONorw. Old Norwegian
OS — Old Saxon
OSwed. — Old Swedish Abbreviated References to Poems of the Elder Edda in SkP II
Akv — Atlakviða
Am — Atlamál
Bdr — Baldrs draumar
Fáfn — Fáfnismál
Grí — Grímnismál
Gríp — Grípisspá
Grott — Grottasǫngr
Guðr I — Guðrúnarkviða I
Guðr II — Guðrúnarkviða II
Ghv — Guðrúnarhvǫt
Hamð — Hamðismál
Hárb — Hárbarðsljóð
Hávm — Hávamál
HHund I — Helgakviða Hundingsbana I
HHj — Helgakviða Hjǫrvarðssonar
Hyndl — Hyndluljóð
Lok — Lokasenna
Reg — Reginsmál
Sigrdr — Sigrdrífumál
Sigsk — Sigurðarkviða in skamma Other Abbreviations and Notations
ÁM — Árni Magnússon
c. — circa
C10th — tenth century (and similarly for references to other centuries)
ch. — chapter
chs — chapters
d. — died
ed. — editor, edited (by)
edn — edition
eds — editors, editions
fol. — folio
fols — folios
hap. leg. — hapax legomenon (pl. legomena)—unique word(s)
l. — line
ll. — lines
lit. — literally (used in translations [italicised] and notes [roman])
lv. — lausavísa
lvv. — lausavísur
ms. — manuscript
mss — manuscripts
n. — note (but e.g. Anm. if notes are labelled as such in the source)
nn. — notes
no. — number
nos — numbers
p. — page
pp. — pages
r. — reigned (of regnal dates of kings, earls, etc.)
S. — Saint
s. a. — sub anno ‘under year’—for references to materials in annals
sby — somebody
st. — stanza
sth. — something
sts — stanzas
v. — verse
vv. — verses
vol. — volume
vols — volumes
w. o. — word order
* — reconstructed form, e.g. hypothetical etymon, no longer extant ms.
† — obelos symbol for textual material that is impossibly corrupt or cannot be made sense of. One † is placed immediately before the beginning of the piece of corrupt text and another immediately after it.