4. Other Abbreviations and Notations
c. — circa
C10th — tenth century (and similarly for references to other centuries)
ch. — chapter
chs — chapters
d. — died
ed. — editor, edited (by)
edn — edition
eds — editors, editions
fol. — folio
fols — folios
Frag — fragment, stanza or part-stanza which cannot be assigned with certainty to an extended poem
hap. leg. — hapax legomenon (pl. legomena) — unique word(s)
ibid. — ibidem (in the same place)
l. — line
ll. — lines
lit. — literally (used in translations [italicised] and notes [roman])
loc. cit. — loco citato (in the place cited)
Lv — lausavísa, pl. lausavísur — ‘loose stanza(s)’, freestanding stanza(s)
ms. — manuscript
mss — manuscripts
n. — note (but e.g. Anm. if notes are labelled as such in the source)
nn. — notes
no. — number
nos — numbers
p. — page
pers. comm. — personal communication
pp. — pages
q. v. — quod vide (which see)
r. — reigned (of regnal dates of kings, jarls, etc.)
S. — Saint
s. a. — sub anno ‘under year’ — for references to materials in annals
sby — somebody
st. — stanza
sth. — something
sts — stanzas
vol. — volume
vols — volumes
* — reconstructed form, e.g. a hypothetical etymon
† — obelos symbol for textual material that is impossibly corrupt or cannot be made sense of. One † is placed immediately before the beginning of the piece of corrupt text and another immediately after it.