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MUFI Character Database

Number of characters in database: 1530

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Private Use Area 8: Punctuation marks

This range includes punctuation marks that are not included in the Unicode Standard v. 5.1. The common marks, such as full stop, comma, colon, semicolon, question mark, hyphen and solidus, are all found in the range Basic Latin (pp. 14–17 above). Some are also located in the range General Punctuation (p. 56). Finally, a few punctuation marks can be identified with characters in other ranges:

Latin-1 Supplement: middle dot, 00B7 (p. 24)
Georgian: right-pointing triangular dots, 10FB (p. 47)
Mathematical Operators: 2234, 2235, and 2237 (p. 70–71)

In v. 5.1 of the Unicode Standard, four characters in this subrange have been inluded in Latin Extended-D, and have therefore been decommissioned (high- lighted in yellow). More punctuation characters will probably be added to a forthcoming proposal to Unicode.

Entity	Numeric	Codepoint	Chart	Description	Version	Andron
&punctinter;		F160	PUA-8	PUNCTUS INTERROGATIVUS	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
&punctelev;		F161	PUA-8	PUNCTUS ELEVATUS	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
This form of the punctus elevatus is typically found in English manuscripts and is sometimes seen as the default form. Sometimes called ‘tick and point’, e.g. by N.R. Ker, English Manuscripts in the Century after the Norman Conquest, Oxford, 1960, p. 46.
&tridagger;		F1D2	PUA-8	TRIPLE DAGGER	Uni.: MUFI: 4.0 auto	
Cf. 2020 DAGGER and 2021 DOUBLE DAGGER in General Punctuation (p. 59–60 above).
&medcom;		F1E0	PUA-8	MEDIEVAL COMMA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, p. 301. According to Parkes, this mark “appears most frequently in the work of fourteenth- century Italian scribes” (p. 303).
&parag;		F1E1	PUA-8	PARAGRAPHUS	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 12, 43, 305.
&posit;		F1E2	PUA-8	COMMA POSITURA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
The positura is similar to COMMA 002C, but should be kept apart from this punctuation mark due to a different and more specialised usage. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301 and 306.
&ductsimpl;		F1E3	PUA-8	HIGH COMMA POSITURA (SIMPLEX DUCTUS)	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Similar form as the positura, but positioned above the ‘x’ height. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301 and 307.
&punctposit;		F1E4	PUA-8	PUNCTUS WITH COMMA POSITURA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301 and 306.
&colmidcomposit;		F1E5	PUA-8	COLON WITH MIDDLE COMMA POSITURA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301 and 306.
&tridotscomposit;		F1E6	PUA-8	THREE DOTS WITH COMMA POSITURA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
This punctuation mark looks like an upwards-poiting triangle of dots with a comma between (and below) the two lower dots. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301 and 307. See also 2234 above in Mathematical Operators.
&punctexclam;		F1E7	PUA-8	PUNCTUS EXCLAMATIVUS	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Early form with two dots below each other and a diagonal stroke on top of them. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, p. 301.
&punctintertilde;		F1E8	PUA-8	PUNCTUS INTERROGATIVUS HORIZONTAL TILDE	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
This is a variant of the question mark where the swash (tilde) is horizontal. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, p. 301.
&punctvers;		F1EA	PUA-8	PUNCTUS VERSUS	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Similar in shape to the semicolon (003B), but should be kept apart from this mark. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301, 306.
&renvoi;		F1EC	PUA-8	SIGNE DE RENVOI	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Looks like two dots over a single dot. Used to connect a marginal note to a place in the text. Looks similar to TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION below, but has a different usage and the dots are more widely spaced.
&punctelevdiag;		F1F0	PUA-8	PUNCTUS ELEVATUS DIAGONAL STROKE	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Variant form of the punctus elevatus.
&punctinterlemn;		F1F1	PUA-8	PUNCTUS INTERROGATIVUS LEMNISKATE FORM	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Attested in Old Icelandic, but very marginal. For examples, see Holm perg 15 B 4to (cf. Hreinn Benediktsson, Early Icelandic Script, Reykjavík 1965, pl. 8:13 and 8:19).
&bidotscomposit;		F1F2	PUA-8	TWO DOTS OVER COMMA POSITURA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Attested in Old Icelandic, e.g. in Holm perg 15 B 4to (see Hreinn Benediktsson, Early Icelandic Script, Reykjavík 1965, pl. 8:14) and in GKS 2365 4to (Codex Regius of the Eddic poems).
&virgsusp;		F1F4	PUA-8	VIRGULA SUSPENSIVA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Looks like a solidus with a dot in the middle. Used to mark a very brief pause or hesitation in the text. Cf. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, p. 307.
&punctflex;		F1F5	PUA-8	PUNCTUS FLEXUS	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Looks like the digit 7 with a dot below, sometimes referred to as ‘seven and point’ (e.g. by N.R. Ker, English Manuscripts in the Century after the Norman Conquest, Oxford, 1960, p. 47). Also called PUNCTUS CIRCUMFLEXUS. Used to mark sentence-medial pauses, especially in liturgical texts where the pitch of the voice drops. Cf. also Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, pp. 301, 306. Note that the shape in Parkes’ book looks more like an open ‘a’ than ‘7’, but this is basically a question of variance.
&virgmin;		F1F7	PUA-8	SHORT VIRGULA	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Looks like a virgule, but confined within the ‘x’ height (like a half-height slash), e.g. ‘x  x’. Attested in late paper manuscripts of Medieval Nordic verse and not to be unified with the ordinary comma.
&hidot;		F1F8	PUA-8	DISTINCTIO	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Described by the grammarian Donatus, who distinguishes between three positions of the dot: on the baseline (to be unified with 002E FULL STOP), middle height (to be unified with 00B7 MIDDLE DOT) and the high dot, shown here. See also Isidore of Sevilla, Etymologiae I 20. Malcolm B. Parkes, Pause and Effect, Aldershot, 1992, p. 13, says that the distinctio was used to indicate “a final pause, after a periodus, or where the sententia is completed”.
&wavylin;		F1F9	PUA-8	WAVY LINE	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Frequently used in English manuscripts in the 12th century in the form of a wavy line or sometimes a straight line. Placed slightly above the base line.
&punctelevhiback;		F1FA	PUA-8	PUNCTUS ELEVATUS WITH HIGH BACK	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Variant form of the punctus elevatus found in manuscripts in the Low countries, eastern France and the Rhineland.
&punctelevhack;		F1FB	PUA-8	PUNCTUS ELEVATUS WITH ONSET	Uni.: MUFI: 3.0	
Variant form of the punctus elevatus found in manuscripts from southern Germany.

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