Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages
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Þórarinn loftunga (Þloft)

11th century; volume 1; ed. Matthew Townend;

1. Hǫfuðlausn (Hfl) - 1

2. Tøgdrápa (Tøgdr) - 8

3. Glælognskviða (Glækv) - 10

Skj info: Þórarinn loftunga, Islandsk skjald, 11. årh. (AI, 322-7, BI, 298-301).

Skj poems:
1. Hǫfuðlausn
2. Tøgdrápa
3. Glælognskviða

Few biographical facts are known about Þórarinn loftunga ‘Praise-tongue’ (Þloft). In introducing Þórarinn’s service to King Knútr inn ríki Sveinsson (Cnut the Great), Snorri Sturluson (ÍF 27, 307; cf. ÓH 1941, I, 473) records in general terms that he was an Icelander and a great poet (skáld mikit) who had spent a great deal of time with kings and other chieftains. Knýtl (ÍF 35, 124) gives a similar portrait, and adds that Þórarinn was gamall ‘old’ when he first came to Knútr. However, all of Þórarinn’s extant poetry derives from his service to Knútr and his son Sveinn, and these are the only monarchs for whom Þórarinn is recorded as a poet in Skáldatal (SnE 1848-87, III, 258, 267). Þorm Lv 10/1-2 also refers to Knútr rewarding Þórarinn with gold over a long period (for the anecdote in which it is quoted see ÓHLeg 1982, 124-8; ÓH 1941, II, 799-804), and his pre-Knútr career must remain hypothetical. Parts of three poems are preserved: Hǫfuðlausn (Hfl) and Tøgdrápa (Tøgdr) for Knútr, and Glælognskviða (Glækv) for Sveinn, probably composed in this order, and between c. 1027 and 1034; for circumstances of composition and preservation see individual Introductions below. The evidence of the poems suggests that Þórarinn entered Knútr’s service in either England or Denmark, accompanied him on his journey to Norway in 1028, and after 1030 remained at Sveinn’s court in Norway at least until c. 1032. For previous discussions of Þórarinn’s career see LH I, 601-3, Malcolm (1993), and Townend (2005, 256-7).

Glælognskviða — Þloft GlækvI

Matthew Townend 2012, ‘(Introduction to) Þórarinn loftunga, Glælognskviða’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 863.

 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 

for reference only:  10x 

Skj: Þórarinn loftunga: 3. Glælognskviða, 1032 (AI, 324-7, BI, 300-1)

in texts: Flat, Fsk, Hkr, ÓH, ÓHHkr

SkP info: I, 863

old edition introduction edition manuscripts transcriptions concordance references search files

 

af (prep.) ‘from...’ — 7/2, 9/6

allr (adj.) ‘all...’ — allir 3/6, ǫllum 9/8

2altari (noun n.) [°-s/-(fx. HómNo¹² 67¹¹); -] ‘altar...’ — altári 7/2

anda (verb) [°-að-] ‘breathe, live; (past part.) die...’ — andaðisk 7/6

1annarr (pron.) [°f. ǫnnur, n. annat; pl. aðrir] ‘(an)other, second...’ — 1/9, ǫðrum 1/10

3at (prep.) ‘at, to...’ — 1/6, 4/6, 8/4

4at (conj.) ‘that...’ — 9/2

3á (prep.) ‘on, at...’ — 5/6

áðan (adv.) ‘before...’ — 3/2

áðr (adv.) [°//] ‘before...’ — 3/3, 4/5, 7/6

2ár (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘year, year’s abundance...’ — 9/7

baugr (noun m.) [°dat. -i/-; -ar] ‘ring...’ — bauga 2/7

beiðandi (noun m.) ‘requester, petitioner...’ — beiðendr 8/5

betri (adj. comp.) [°superl. beztr/baztr; pos. „ góðr adj.] ‘better, best...’ — 1/10

biðja (verb) [°biðr; bað, báðu; beðinn (beiþ- Martin¹ 573‡, bỏþ- HákEirsp 661‰, cf. ed. intr. xl)] ‘ask for, order, pray...’ — Bið 9/1

bjalla (noun f.) [°*-u; *-ur] ‘bell...’ — bjǫllur 6/2

1bjarga (verb) [°bergr (biærgr Alk619 77⁹; biargr ÓH619 119¹‡); barg, burgu; borginn] ‘to save, preserve...’ — borgit 7/8

blindr (adj.) [°compar. -ari] ‘blind...’ — blindir 8/6

borð (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘side, plank, board; table...’ — 6/1

1bók (noun f.) [°bǿkr/bókar; bǿkr] ‘book...’ — bóka 9/11

2brenna (verb) [°brennr/brenn; brann, brunnu; brunninn] ‘(strong, intransitive)...’ — 7/4

brjótr (noun m.) ‘breaker...’ — 2/7, 4/5

byggð (noun f.) [°-ar; -ir] ‘dwelling, settlement...’ — byggðum 2/8

2byggja (verb) [°byggir/byggvir; byggði; byggðr] ‘inhabit, dwell; build, found...’ — byggði 3/2

bœn (noun f.) [°-ar; -ir] ‘request, prayer...’ — bœnir 9/12

dagr (noun m.) [°-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹‡n.); -ar] ‘day...’ — dag 6/5

dan (noun m.) [°-s, dat. -] ‘Dane...’ — Danir 1/2

drengr (noun m.) [°-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja] ‘man, warrior...’ — 1/9

dullauss (adj.) ‘without concealment ...’ — dullaust 1/1

dyggr (adj.) [°dyggvan/dyggan; compar. -vari/-ari/-ri, superl. -vastr/-astr/-str] ‘trustworthy...’ — dyggva 1/3

dǫglingr (noun m.) [°; -ar] ‘king, ruler...’ — dǫglingi 1/4

2en (conj.) ‘but, and...’ — 7/1, 8/5, 8/8

2er (conj.) ‘who, which, when...’ — es 1/8, es 8/2, s 9/9

friðr (noun m.) ‘peace...’ — frið 9/7

2fylgja (verb) ‘follow, accompany...’ — fylgði 1/8

fyr (prep.) ‘for, over, because of, etc....’ — 9/10

fyrstr (num. ordinal) ‘first...’ — fyrst 1/6

fǫr (noun f.) ‘journey, fate; movement...’ — 1/3

gangr (noun m.) ‘going, walking; course; success...’ — gangi 8/4

1gera (verb) ‘do, make...’ — gerðu 1/2

2geta (verb) ‘to beget, give birth to, mention, speak ...’ — getr 9/5

1gramr (noun m.) ‘ruler...’ — 5/3

grund (noun f.) ‘earth, land...’ — grundar 9/4

1guð (noun m.) [°***guðrs, guðis, gus] ‘(Christian) God...’ — goði 9/6, goðs 9/3

hafa (verb) ‘have...’ — Hafði 4/1, hefr 2/1, hefr 7/5

haga (verb) ‘arrange, behave...’ — hagat 2/2

hann (pron.) [°gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana] ‘he, she, it, they, them......’ — 3/3, 9/5, hanns 9/3, hans 6/3, honum 1/8, hônum 5/8

Haraldr (noun m.) ‘Haraldr...’ — Haralds 4/3

harðla (adv.) ‘very, highly, greatly...’ — 4/2

2hár (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘hair...’ — 5/7

heilagr (adj.) [°helgan; compar. -ari, superl. -astr] ‘holy, sacred...’ — 8/2

3heill (adj.) [°heilan; compar. heilli, superl. -astr/-str] ‘healthy, hale, hail...’ — heilir 8/8, heilu 5/2

heimr (noun m.) [°-s, dat. -i/-; -ar] ‘home, abode; world...’ — heimi 2/4

herr (noun m.) [°-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra] ‘army, host...’ — 8/1

2heyra (verb) ‘hear...’ — 6/6

himinn (noun m.) [°himins, dat. himni; himnar] ‘heaven, sky...’ — himin 3/4, himin 4/4

hljóð (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘sound, silence, a hearing...’ — 6/7

2hreinn (adj.) [°compar. hreinari/hreinni, superl. hreinastr/hreinstr] ‘pure...’ — 5/1

4hringja (verb) ‘[ring, to ring]...’ — hringjask 6/4

1hverfa (verb) ‘turn, disappear...’ — hvarf 3/3

2hverr (pron.) ‘who, whom, each, every...’ — hvern 6/5, 1/7

hvé (conj.) ‘how...’ — 1/2

í (prep.) ‘in, into...’ — 2/4

jarl (noun m.) [°-s, dat. -i; -ar] ‘poet, earl...’ — 1/5

kerti (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘candle...’ — 7/4

klukka (noun f.) ‘[bells]...’ — klokkna 6/7

knega (verb) ‘to know, understand, be able to...’ — kná 5/5, kneigu 6/2

koma (verb) [kem, kom/kvam, kominn] ‘come...’ — kømr 8/1

konungr (noun m.) [°dat. -i, -s; -ar] ‘king...’ — konung 3/8, konung 6/8, 2/3, 8/3

Kristr (noun m.) [°-s/-, dat. -i; -ar] ‘Christ...’ — Kristi 7/3

krjúpa (verb) ‘creep, kneel...’ — krýpr 8/4

kvikr (adj.) [°-van/-an] ‘alive...’ — kvikum 5/6

kykvasettr (adj.) ‘[enshrined alive]...’ — 3/7

lauss (adj.) [°compar. lausari] ‘loose, free, without...’ — 7/7

liggja (verb) ‘lie...’ — liggr 5/2

1lík (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘body, shape...’ — líki 5/4

lof (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘praise, leave, permission...’ — 5/3

maðr (noun m.) ‘man, person...’ — 1/7, 9/3, manni 3/8, manni 5/6, manni 6/8, mǫnnum 9/8

1mál (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘speech, matter...’ — máls 8/7, máls 9/11

með (prep.) ‘with...’ — 1/4, 5/2

nagl (noun m.) [°dat. -i; negl] ‘nail...’ — negl 5/7

1nagli (noun m.) [°-a; -ar] ‘[nagel, nail]...’ — nagla 9/10

nú (adv.) ‘now...’ — 2/1

3of (prep.) ‘around, from; too...’ — 6/3, 6/8

4of (particle) ‘(before verb)...’ — 9/5

3ok (conj.) ‘and, but; also...’ — 1/7, 3/5, 5/7, 6/5, 9/7

Óláfr (noun m.) ‘Óláfr...’ — Ôleif 9/1, Ôleifr 3/1, Ôleifr 7/5

3ór (prep.) ‘out of...’ — 3/8

ráða (verb) ‘advise, rule, interpret, decide...’ — 2/8, ráðit 4/2

regin (noun n.) ‘divine power...’ — 9/10

2reka (verb) ‘drive, force...’ — rekr 9/9

ríki (noun n.) [°-s; -] ‘kingdom, power...’ — ríkis 3/4, ríkis 4/4

sál (noun f.) [°-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir] ‘soul...’ — sôlu 7/8

2seimr (noun m.) [°dat. -i] ‘gold...’ — seim 4/5

sem (conj.) ‘as, which...’ — 3/6, 5/6

1sess (noun m.) [°-, dat -/-i;n dat. -um] ‘seat, throne...’ — 2/2

sik (pron.) [°gen. sín, dat. sér] ‘(refl. pron.)...’ — sér 2/1, sér 4/1

3sinn (pron.) [°f. sín, n. sitt] ‘(refl. poss. pron.)...’ — sinnar 9/4, sína 2/6, sínu 5/4

sjalfr (adj.) ‘self...’ — sjalfar 6/4, 8/3

sonr (noun m.) [°-ar, dat. syni; synir, acc. sonu, syni] ‘son...’ — 4/3

svá (adv.) ‘so, thus...’ — 5/1, 7/5

svát (conj.) ‘so that, so as...’ — 5/5

synð (noun f.) [°-ar; -ir] ‘sin...’ — synða 7/7

sœkja (verb) ‘seek, attack...’ — 8/6

sæll (adj.) ‘happy, blessed...’ — 5/3

sæng (noun f.) [°-r/-(j)ar, dat. -/-u; -r/-ar/-jar] ‘bed...’ — sæing 6/3

sættir (noun m.) ‘reconciler...’ — sætti 4/6

til (prep.) ‘to...’ — 2/2, 3/4, 4/4

1unna (verb) ‘love...’ — unni 9/2

upp (adv.) ‘up...’ — 7/1

upphaf (noun n.) ‘beginning...’ — upphafi 1/6

vaxa (verb) ‘grow, increase...’ — 5/8

1veggr (noun m.) [°-jar/-s(Páll²A 257³³), dat. -/-i(kun defin.); -ir] ‘wall...’ — veggs 6/1

2vera (verb) ‘be, is, was, were, are, am...’ — es 8/2, vas 1/5, Þats 1/1

1verða (verb) ‘become, be...’ — varð 3/5, varð 4/6

vilja (verb) ‘want, intend...’ — vill 2/5

1vita (verb) ‘know...’ — vitu 3/6

þaðan (adv.) ‘from there...’ — 8/8

þar (adv.) ‘there...’ — 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 5/1, 5/5, 6/1, 7/1, 8/1

þars (conj.) ‘where...’ — 3/1

2þá (adv.) ‘then...’ — 9/9

þinn (pron.) [°f. þín, n. þitt] ‘your...’ — þínar 9/12

þjóð (noun f.) [°-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir] ‘people...’ — 2/3, þjóðir 6/6, þjóðir 8/7

Þrándr (noun m.) ‘[Trønde]...’ — Þránd 2/4

þú (pron.) [°gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik] ‘you...’ — þér 9/2, 9/9

þægr (adj.) ‘acceptable, delightful ...’ — þæg 7/3

2æ (adv.) ‘always, forever...’ — 2/5

ævi (noun f.) [°-/-ar] ‘life...’ — 2/6

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