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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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GunnLeif Merl I 56^VIII/5 — ’ro ‘have’

⬅︎ 2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

‘Einn sitr nýtastr         Néústríe
Englandi at         auðar skelfir.
Þó ’ro siklingar         sunnan komnir
fimm eða fleiri         foldu at ráða.

‘Einn nýtastr skelfir auðar Néústríe sitr at Englandi. Þó ’ro fimm eða fleiri siklingar komnir sunnan at ráða foldu.

‘The one worthiest shaker of riches [GENEROUS MAN] of Neustria will preside over England. Yet five kings or more have come from the south to rule the land.

readings

[5] ’ro: om. Hb

notes

[5] ’ro ‘have’: Lit. ‘are’. Supplied in Bret 1848-9 and Skj B. Kock (NN §3143C), tacitly followed by Merl 2012, instead construes ll. 5-8 as Þó ráða fimm eða fleiri siklingar, sunnan komnir, at foldu, translated as dock styra i landet fem eller flera söderifrån komna furstar ‘Yet five or more rulers, come from the south, reign in the land’. But if at functions as a postponed prep. it should occupy a metrical rise, which is impossible as the line stands in the ms.

grammar

Irregular verbs: vera (to be)

		indic.		subj.
		pres.	past	pres.	past
sing. pl.	1 2 3 1 2 3	em ert er erum eruð eru	var vart var várum váruð váru	sé sér sé sém séð sé	væra værir væri værim værið væri
imperative past part.		ver, verið verit

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GunnLeif Merl I 56^VIII/5 — ’ro ‘have’

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GunnLeif Merl I 56VIII/5 — ’ro ‘have’

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GunnLeif Merl I 56^VIII/5 — ’ro ‘have’