Þul Manna 8^III

Ái ok áttungr,         afi, sonr, faðir,
bróðir, barmi,         blóði ok lifri,
jóð, burr, nefi         ok arfuni;
þá eru hlýrar         ok hǫfuðbaðmar.

Ái ok áttungr, afi, sonr, faðir, bróðir, barmi, blóði ok lifri, jóð, burr, nefi ok arfuni; þá eru hlýrar ok hǫfuðbaðmar.

Great-grandfather and kinsman, grandfather, son, father, brother, bosom-brother, consanguinean and cognate, baby, son, nephew and inheritor; then there are twins and agnates.

Mss: R(42v), Tˣ(44v), C(11v), A(18v), B(8v), 744ˣ(65v) (SnE)

Readings: [1] ok: om. Tˣ, ‘[…]’ B, ok 744ˣ;    áttungr: ‘[…]’ B, ‘áttungr’ 744ˣ    [2] afi: arfi C, ‘[…]’ B, ‘auí’ 744ˣ;    sonr faðir: ‘[…]’ B, ‘sonr fadir’ 744ˣ    [3] bróðir barmi: ‘[…]dir […]’ B, ‘brodir barmi’ 744ˣ    [4] blóði: ‘bíodí’ B;    ok: om. C    [5] jóð: jóð ok Tˣ    [6] ok: om. Tˣ    [7] þá eru hlýrar: ‘þa er[…]’ B, ‘þa eru hleý ar’ 744ˣ    [8] ok hǫfuðbaðmar: ‘[…]’ B, ‘ok hǫ᷎fut barmar’ 744ˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 661, Skj BI, 662, Skald I, 327; SnE 1848-87, I, 561, II, 475, 558, 618, SnE 1931, 199, SnE 1998, I, 117.    

Notes: [All]: Most of the terms of kinship mentioned in this and the following stanzas, as well as various names for friends in st. 7, are also listed in the section of Skm dealing with the so-called viðkenningar (antonomasia) or fornǫfn (‘pronomina, substitutions’). Cf. Skm (SnE 1998, I, 107): Þat eru viðkenningar … at kalla hann þess er hann nefndi fǫður eða afa; ái er hinn þriði. Heitir ok sonr ok arfi, arfuni, barn, jóð ok mǫgr … Heitir ok bróðir blóði, barmi, hlýri, lifri. Heitir ok niðr nefi, áttungr, konr, kundr, frændi … niðjungr, ættstuðill, ættbarmr, kynkvísl, ættbogi … afspringr, hǫfuðbaðmr, ofskǫpt. Heita ok mágar sifjungar ‘These are antonomasia … to call someone father or grandfather of the one who was named; the third is great-grandfather. [A relative] is also called a son and heir, inheritor, child, baby and boy … A brother is also called a consanguinean, bosom-brother, twin, cognate. A relative is also called a nephew, kinsman, kin, kinsman, relation … descendant, family-pillar, issue, kin-branch, family line … offspring, agnate, lineage. In-laws are also called affines’. For the term antonomasia, see General Introduction in SkP I. The following terms are not otherwise attested in poetry: ái ‘great-grandfather’ (l. 1), afi ‘grandfather’ (l. 2) and arfuni ‘inheritor’ (l. 6). — [3] barmi ‘bosom-brother’: This is a poetic word for ‘brother’. AEW derives barmi m. from Gmc *ga-barman (cf. barmr ‘m. bosom’; hence ‘fed at the same breast’). See also SnE 1998, II, 239. — [4] blóði ok lifri ‘consanguinean and cognate’: Poetic words for ‘brother’, lit. ‘blood[-brother]’ and ‘from one liver’ (cf. lifr f. ‘liver’). — [7] hlýrar ‘twins’: Pl. of hlýri m. (cf. hlýr n. ‘cheek’). As a term for ‘brother’, the word occurs only in poetry. — [8] hǫfuðbaðmar ‘agnates’: Perhaps lit. ‘head stems’ (from baðmr m. ‘tree, stem’, or baðmr = barmr (SnE 1998, II, 238); see barmi ‘bosom-brother’ in l. 3 above), i.e. the principal member of a clan, kinsman on the male side, a legal term for an agnate lineage.

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
5. SnE 1931 = Snorri Sturluson. 1931. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. Finnur Jónsson. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
6. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
7. SkP I = Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Ed. Diana Whaley. 2012.
8. Internal references
9. (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skáldskaparmál’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=112> (accessed 20 May 2024)