ÞjóðA Har 7II
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Stanzas about Haraldr Sigurðarson’s leiðangr 7’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 157-8.
Haraldr ‘Haraldr’
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Haraldr (noun m.): Haraldr
notes
[1] þeysti ‘has rushed’: The minority variant þrýstir ‘presses’ would normally be either intransitive or would govern the dat. case, and therefore does not fit the present context.
nú ‘now’
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nú (adv.): now
hraustla ‘boldly’
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hraustla (adv.): bravely
helming ‘troop’
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helmingr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): unit, troop
notes
[2] helming ‘troop’: (a) The mss have helming, and this is the usual normalisation of the word (see also Valg Har 4/1). In retaining it, the present edn follows Kock, who prints helming in Skald and in NN §3089 argues for a rhyme of first consonant only, here [l], as also in l. 5 gramr : Þumla. (b) The form helfing may be suggested by the aðalhending on Elf-, and this is adopted in Skj B; see also ANG §237.2. Kock, however, describes helfing as non-occurring, while helfningr and helningr do occur, and Bjarni Aðalbjarnason in ÍF 28 prints helfning.
sinn ‘his’
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
at ‘towards’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
Elfi ‘the Götaälv (Elfr)’
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Elfi (noun f.): Götaälv (Elfr)
náttar ‘overnights’
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nátta (verb): pass the night; become night
[3] náttar: náttið H, Hr
Nóregs ‘of Norway’
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Noregr (noun m.): Norway
kennings
dróttinn Nóregs‘the lord of Norway ’
= Haraldr
the lord of Norway → Haraldr
dróttinn ‘the lord’
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
kennings
dróttinn Nóregs‘the lord of Norway ’
= Haraldr
the lord of Norway → Haraldr
nær ‘close’
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nær (adv.): near, almost; when
at ‘to’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
landamæri ‘the lands’ boundary’
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landamæri (noun n.): [lands’ boundary]
Gramr ‘The prince’
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
á ‘holds’
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
þing ‘an assembly’
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þing (noun n.; °-s; -): meeting, assembly
við ‘off’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
Þumla ‘Þumli’
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þumli (noun m.): þumli
notes
[5] Þumla ‘Þumli’: This seems to refer to the southern part of the island of Hisingen at the mouth of the Götaälv, but whether it is acc. sg. of a p. n. Þumli or acc. pl. of the ethnic name Þumlar is unclear. It is taken here as a p. n., equivalent to Tumlahede/Tumlehed (following Skj B and ÍF 28). The folk-name is slightly favoured in LP: Þumli.
þars ‘there’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
eindagaðr ‘is appointed’
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eindaga (verb; °-að-): [is appointed]
[6] eindagaðr: eindagat F, H, ‘eindat’ E, eindagr Hr
Sveini ‘for Sveinn’
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2. Sveinn (noun m.): Sveinn
hrafni ‘to the raven’
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
[7] hrafni: hrǫfnum F, E, H, Hr
notes
[7] skyldr hrafni ‘owed to the raven’: This helps to define the ominous fundr ‘meeting’ as a military encounter which will provide food for the traditional birds of battle. The pl. variant hrǫfnum ‘ravens’ is also possible.
notes
[7] skyldr hrafni ‘owed to the raven’: This helps to define the ominous fundr ‘meeting’ as a military encounter which will provide food for the traditional birds of battle. The pl. variant hrǫfnum ‘ravens’ is also possible.
hans ‘with him’
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
Danir ‘the Danes’
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dan (noun m.; °-s, dat. -): Dane
undan ‘away’
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undan (adv.): away, away from
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Now with a favourable wind (cf. previous Context), Haraldr takes his fleet east to the Götaälv (Elfr).
[5-8]: Only Kˣ and J2ˣ have the readings which produce the prose w. o. and translation above, and it is possible that they are the result of scribal improvement. The reading eindagat in F, H and perhaps E (though miswritten there) would agree with n. acc. sg. þing ‘assembly’ and hence perhaps have þing as its antecedent: þars eindagat Sveini ‘where an assembly has been appointed for Sveinn’, and in ll. 7-8 the F, E readings would give en Danir halda undan fund hans ‘but the Danes head away from a meeting with him’. However, halda undan ‘head away, escape’ does not elsewhere take an acc. object, and this analysis would leave skyldr hrafni ‘owed to the raven’ (and similarly skyldan hrǫfnum in H, Hr) unaccounted for.
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