We use cookies on this website, mainly to provide a secure browsing
experience but also to collect statistics on how the website is used.
You can find out more about the cookies we set, the information we store and how we use it on
the cookies page.
[7] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Garðar technically comprised Novgorod (Hólmgarðr) and the surrounding territory including Kiev (Garðaríki), i.e. the whole area between Ladoga and Ilmen (see Melnikova 1996, 15 and Map 2; Sverrir Jakobsson 2006, 938).