Written accounts occasionally mention 'hanging' as a form of religious sacrifice or ritual practice in pre-Christian Scandinavia. Literary accounts depicting 'hanging' in pre-Christian Scandinavia span from the first century AD until the late medieval period, and can be found in external accounts by Latin and Arabic writers, in addition to Icelandic vernacular prose works.
Hanging and Hel (Erfidrápa Óláfs helga) Heiðrekr's sacrifice to Óðinn (Hervarar saga) Óðinn's Self-Sacrifice (Hávamál 138-139) Óðinn's Twelfth Rune (Hávamál 157) Óðins heiti (Grímnismál 54) Sacrifice of Víkarr (Gautreks saga) The Death of Guðlaug The Death of Jǫrundr